Annual Congress on Nutrition & Healthcare October 18-20, 2018 Paris, France

Eating a wide range of foods to include a diverse group of nutrients is the easiest way to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet should comprise of all of the obligatory nutrients and adequate calories to balance energy spending and provide for growth and maintenance thru the life cycle.
A healthy food should contain all the required nutrients for good health including body building factors. Five factors can be maintained for a healthy life with the help of proper food.

1. Weight management- Good nutrition and weight management go hand in hand. A proper diet supports to keep energy levels high; making it more likely to fulfil the other key component of weight management i.e. getting proper exercise maintaining a good energy level.
2. Growth Development- Optimal childhood growth and development rely on correct nutrition. In some cases nutrient deficiencies in young children are comparatively common. Up to 33% of children with the age of 4 years or less, suffer from iron deficiency anaemia.
3. Anti-aging- Proper nutrition can increase the lifespan of individuals & can keep healthier as the age increases with time. Many factors influence anti-aging effect, i.e. diet and exercise account for about half of the contributing factors to longevity, while one’s genetics contribute 19%.
4. Immune boosting- Immune system relies on both macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates and fats, and micronutrients: vitamins and minerals, supplied by the daily diet to stay healthy. Many diseases can be inhibited with the help of proper nutritious food instead of taking medicine. By improving individual cell function as well as interactions between cells, sufficient nutrition makes one more resistant to infection
5. Mood- Good nutrition renders better moods. If the corresponding diet is high in sugar and starchy foods one might experience blood sugar swings that cause short-tempered or sad moods. The same foods eaten late at night can keep you awake, depriving your body of needed rest and resulting in brain fog, forgetfulness and low energy.

Clinical nutrition is nutrition required for patients with medical issues. Clinical in this sense refers to the management of patients, including not only outpatients at clinics, but also (and mainly) inpatients in hospitals. Basically it incorporates the scientific areas of nutrition and dietetics.  Clinical nutrition plays a significant role in disease prevention. It joins primarily the scientific fields of nutrition and dietetics. The main aim for clinical nutrition is to keep a healthy energy balance in patients, as well as providing sufficient amounts of nutrients such as proteins, minerals and vitamins. Nutritional Assessment, Parenteral nutrition and Nutrition Physiology comes under clinical nutrition.

Poor diet or lack of proper dietary intake leads to malnutrition or nutritional deficiency. In some cases it is the effect of excess or imbalances in energy intake. Therefore the term malnutrition covers 2 broad group of conditions- First is under-nutrition & the second one is Obesity or overweight. This condition may lead to several fatal or life threatening diseases if not controlled at the initial stage. Poor diet may lead to lack of vitamins & minerals which can lead kwashiorkor (due to lack of protein), Scurvy (lack of Vitamin C). According to the record of World Health Organization (WHO), 462 million people world-wide are malnourished, and underdeveloped due to poor diet affects 159 million children globally. This condition may complicate the disease like malaria, measles, pneumonia & diarrhoea. On the other hand obesity may lead to the risk of some non-communicable disease like heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer. According to survey malnutrition affects approximately all countries with 1.9 billion overweight while 462 million underweight. A healthy balanced diet is recommended for prevention of malnutrition.

Consumer awareness regarding food safety & nutrition is a major issue with respect to healthy lifestyle & disease prevention. Improper consumption of food has implemented a large number of cases of foodborne illnesses. The safety, quality and nutritional value of the food we consume is of major importance to our health and wellbeing. Food safety and nutrition are therefore key concerns for the environmental health profession. Consumption of mishandled foods can lead to food poisoning which can be managed from preliminary level: Cleaning of hand before preparing food as well as eating, raw fruits & vegetables should be washed thoroughly before consumption, keeping meet & poultry foods separate from those which will be eaten raw (Fruits & vegetables), cooking the foods thoroughly. These safety measures can reduce the effect of foodborne illness. Along with this, public awareness is the most needed safety measure to alleviate any kind foodborne illness or food poisoning.

People affected with cancer should maintain a healthy body weight with nutritious foods as much as possible. At some cases the side effects of surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy cause a person loss of appetite and lose weight where as some may cause weight gain.

Some general recommendations for people receiving cancer treatment are given below:

• Maintain a right weight. In many cases, this means avoiding weight loss by getting enough calories each day. For people who are more prone to obesity, this may mean losing weight. It might be better to wait until after treatment ends. If it is okay, weight loss should be moderate, meaning only about a pound a week.
• Getting proper nutrients is very essential during treatment. These include protein, carbohydrates, fats, and water in ample amount.
• Being as active as it is possible.

In addition to daily counselling some more precautions can be taken- taking multivitamin, having liquid nutritional supplements.

From last 30 years the occurrence of obesity in children has tripled & now it can be assumed that every one in five children, is affected with obesity in USA. Childhood obesity can be defined as the condition where extra body fat makes a negative impact on child’s health or well-being. This is the most serious public health encounters in the 21^st century. Moreover this is steadily affecting people globally which can be redirected to many fatal conditions i.e. Carotid arteries, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke. Obesity can lead to many psychological disorders too (Depression, poor self-esteem, Anxiety, distorted peer relationship). It has been estimated that the obese children are more prone to have Osteoarthritis. Childhood obesity is mostly screened by determining the BMI of the corresponding child. This can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing proper diet, daily physical activity. Different medications are also available to alleviate different factors related to obesity. Behaviour Modification also helps in prevention from obesity. Eating disorders are the result of irregular & unhealthy eating habits. It may include inadequate or excessive food intake which finally affect one’s health & well-being. Eating disorders may develop at any age of human life. The consequences are detrimental & sometimes even fatal. Along with unhealthy eating habits it may occur due to some biological reasons i.e. hormonal, genetically developed & nutritional deficiencies. Eating disorder may lead to one of the most occurring disease i.e. obesity, which is leading cause of death worldwide in 21^st century. Sometimes ill eating habits may lead to certain mental issues & depressions. Currently nutritional therapy & certain medications are used to treat eating disorders. Similarly certain Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) & psychological therapies are also used in certain cases.

Reaching proper nutritional requirements is of most importance in sustaining suitable performance of neonatal, growing and breeding animals. The dietary requirements comprises of nutrients which should be present in the feed provided to animals. This feed can be an acquired commercial product. From a practical perspective, an optimum nutrition should certify sufficient intakes of amino acids (both traditionally classified essential and nonessential), carbohydrates, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins by animals through a supplementation program that corrects deficiencies in basal diets (e.g., corn- and soybean meal-based diets for swine; milk replacers for calves and lambs; and available forage for ruminants). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with certain nutrients (i.e. arginine, glutamine, zinc, and conjugated linoleic acid) can control gene expression and regulate crucial metabolic pathways to increase fertility, pregnancy outcome, immunity, neonatal survival and growth, feed efficacy, and meat quality. Overall, the right balance of protein, energy, vitamins and all nutritionally essential minerals in diets is required to make a effective nutrition that is both useful and cost-effective. Both fundamental and applied research, are required to meet this goal.

Plant resources are one of the most important resources of nutrients in human food & medicines. Plants are the large resources of phytonutrients. The understanding of nutrition, medicine, and plant biotechnology has switched the concepts about food, health and agriculture. This has brought a rapid revolution in medical fields. Strong recommendations are made to heal many fatal diseases now-a-days as a part of Phytotherapy. With the help of these trends, improvement of the dietary nutritional values of fruits, vegetables and some bioactive compounds in traditional herbals has become targets of the plant biotechnology industry. Nutraceuticals are the products which are used as medicines as well as nutritional supplements. These are the by-products of plant nutrients which are having good therapeutics effects. Nutraceuticals are having considerable interest since it is effective against hardly curative chronic diseases i.e. allergy, cardiovascular, cancer, eye, Alzheimer’s, Immune & inflammatory diseases. In near future Nutraceuticals are going to have promising effects on Human health & well-being.

Parenteral nutrition can be defined as the uptake of daily nutrition intravenous. It can be classified in two more categories: a) Partial Parenteral Nutrition- Intake of part of the daily nutrition while b) Total parenteral nutrition is helps taking all daily nutritional requirements. Total parenteral nutrition can be taken at hospital as well as home too. Parenteral nutrition provides liquids along with daily required carbohydrates, protein, fat vitamins & minerals. People who are unable to absorb the proper energy from the food ingested by mouth go for this treatment. Patients affected with cancer in digestive tract, Cohn’s Disease, Short Bowel Syndrome, abnormal bowel function generally go for this kind of treatments. Sometimes it may arise some serious complications like certain infections, blood clotting, fatty liver as well as liver failure, Cholecystitis, Gut atrophy & other complications.

Pediatric Nutrition is well-defined as maintaining a well-balanced diet consisting of the abundant nutrients and the adequate caloric consumption which is mandatory to stimulate development and withstand the physiological necessities at several phases of a child's growth & development. It also includes Nutritional requirements in infants & children and various caring practices.  Due to deficiency of nutrition particularly during critical ages of growth, causes improper development or major illness, such as anaemia due to the deficiency of iron or scurvy due to lack of vitamin C. Nutrition plays a critical role in childhood development, which results in both good and bad. Proper nutrition helps in the appropriate growth and development of children allowing them to reach their complete potential. During the growing years between infancy and adolescence, adequate nutrition is of utmost importance. Proper diet will not only support the normal growth and development of a growing child, but also supports their immune system, and develops lifelong eating habits. Although dietary needs, appetites, and tastes will vary widely throughout childhood, it is important to consistently provide your child with healthy options from all of the major food groups.

Sports nutrition deals with the well-designed nutrition plans assigned for athletes. The energy required for living and physical activity comes from the food we eat and fluid intake. All the Macronutrients are required for energy resources for as nutrition for athletes. Active adults and competitive athletes turn to sports nutrition to help them achieve their goals. Examples of individual goals could include gaining lean mass, improving body composition, or enhancing athletic performance. These sport-specific scenarios require differing nutritional programs. Research findings indicate the right food type, caloric intake, nutrient timing, fluids, and supplementation are essential and specific to each individual. Proper exercises & physical activity along with proper nutrition includes daily healthy habits to maintain good health & fitness.

Improvement of maternal nutrition during pregnancy is of key importance to improve health of both mother & baby. Ideally, making healthy food choices should begin in the months prior to conception; however, for some women, as soon as she finds out she is pregnant, it is important that she makes sure her diet is as good as it can be. Australian dietary guidelines recommend that women enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods every day from the five food groups such as: Fruit, vegetables of different types and colours, legumes and beans, Grain food (mostly wholegrain and/or high fibre varieties such as breads, cereals, rice, pasta and noodles Dairy foods like milk, cheese and yoghurt), Protein such as lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts and seeds. Prior to conceiving, during pregnancy and lactation, it can be difficult to meet these increased nutritional needs through diet alone. Taking a specially formulated nutritional supplement ensures that mother & baby get enough important nutrients such as - folic acid, iron, iodine, protein and vitamin D.

Diabetes is referred to a metabolic disorder where sugar level in blood remains high for a prolonged period. Further it can lead to many diseases. Therefore, nutrition is a part of critical care along with medications to treat diabetes. Balancing right amount of carbohydrate with protein, fat, vitamins & minerals helps us maintaining good health.  Even though there isn’t a single diabetic diet that fits every person’s needs, there are general guidelines people with pre-diabetes or diabetes should follow to live well and thrive. Healthy diet guidelines should include healthy breakfast, lunch dinner & snacks options, perfect food include in a healthy eating plan, information about sugar substitutes and eating out, also fit sugary foods and sweets into your healthy meal plan. Medical nutrition therapy has become an integral part of diabetes management and of diabetes self-management studies. Yet many misconceptions are still there concerning nutrition in the treatment of diabetes. In near future it can be assumed that nutritional approaches will be the most promising prospect of treatment for diabetes.

The foods we eat always have significant effect on our health. Changes in diet can improve health as well as help prevent or control diseases i.e. Obesity, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases. Dietetics is the science of how food and nutrition affects human health. Along with physical activity, diet can help reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduce risk of chronic diseases (like heart disease and cancer), and improve overall health. Unhealthy eating habits have contributed to the obesity epidemic in the United States: about one-third of U.S. adults (33.8%) are obese and approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese.1 Even for people at a healthy weight, a poor diet is associated with major health risks that can cause illness and even death. The link between good nutrition and healthy weight, reduced chronic disease risk, and overall health is too important to ignore. As with physical activity, making small changes in diet, one can go a long way.

Probiotics & prebiotics are one of the most important topics in the field of nutrition these days. Although, they are sound similar but they are having different impact on human health. Prebiotics are those food product or supplements which contain live bacteria, found in human gut, are used to improve health. These gut bacteria are collectively known as gut flora or gut microbiota. These are having a role of improving digestion along with these are known to reduce the effect of bowel inflammation, regulate blood sugar levels, lowers cholesterol level. Current research shows that they are able to reduce effects of everything from colon cancer to Alzheimer's risk, and their findings are promising. Unlike probiotics, prebiotics are non-living organisms. These are soluble, fermentable fibres that we’re unable to digest in our stomachs. This allows them to progress to our intestines, where this is eaten up by probiotics and fermented into short-chain fatty acids.

Current research in Nutrition is screening which foods may inferior the danger of disease, and which are accountable for illness. Researchers across the sphere are looking for better understanding of Food Safety network, Food and nutrient intake dietary pattern and dietary guide, Food Quality, Safety and Sustainability. Current study is offering innovative information about the connection among nutrition and health.

While aging can’t be stopped fully, it can be slower down with the help of proper nutrition & healthy diet. Skin reflects the inner health status of body. Vitamins, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids and a variety of plant extracts possess antioxidant properties & are widely used for anti-aging treatment either topically or orally. Anti-oxidants such as carotenoids, flavonoids, tocophenols, vitamins (A, C, D and E), and essential omega-3-fatty acids, some proteins and lactobacilli are capable of promoting healthy skin. The best prevention approach against the harmful action of free radicals is a healthy lifestyle (caloric restriction, body care and physical exercise), with low stress conditions and a balanced nutritional diet, including anti-oxidative rich food. To maintain a good skin it is mandatory to drink water properly along with taking Vitamin C rich fruits to prevent any kind of skin diseases.

The Paleo diet consists of foods, eaten during the Palaeolithic Era. It is claimed that the food eaten in Palaeolithic era were better than what it is eaten now. The word paleo means the Paleolithic Era or the Stone Age that initiated about 2.5 million years ago and finished around the time of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago. At that point, the Paleolithic Era switched into the Neolithic Era, which is when humans started to settle down and develop farming techniques. That meant there were more farmers and less hunter-gatherer. People with Paleo diet more often eat more like a hunter/gatherer rather than a farmer. Principally, human beings have not yet changed biologically after the Paleolithic era and should not eat the agriculturally produced foods like Neolithic era. Protagonists further claim that foods the Paleolithic hunter-gathers ate were the reason they didn't suffer from chronic diseases of aging such as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and cancer (as opposed to dying before they got old).  Protein content is more in paleolithic diet (mostly animal resources). While on paleolithic diet one should avoid all cereal grains (such as wheat, rice, quinoa, and oats), white potatoes, legumes (beans and peanuts), salt, sugar, and all processed foods.

Holistic or integrative nutrition is the nutritional approach where medication strategies are given based on the whole mental & physical condition of the patient other than using a same method of focusing on just one aspect of nutrition. In holistic nutrition the dietician examine the medical history, physical & mental state, lifestyle & current meal plans of the patient. Each person must be treated differently and uniquely because all are unique individuals. One may have similar symptoms as another person, but how he/she developed these symptoms and how it will be healed is unique to each individual. Human bodies have an incredible ability to heal, and holistic nutrition gives the body the food and energy needed to maintain optimal health.

Diet or nutrition used during the treatment of chronic renal failure is known as renal nutrition. The types of food prescribed in this diet, depends on the severity of kidney failure. Generally the diet helps to control sodium, potassium, phosphorus, protein, and fluid that a person ingests while eating. This kind of diet may vary from patient to patient as every patient experience different symptoms during kidney failure therefore the diet differs slightly in each case. Metabolism is the process by which body converts what one eats and drinks into energy. During this complex biochemical procedure, calories in food and beverages are combined with oxygen to release the energy, body needs to function. The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Proper physical activity with sufficient nutrition helps improving metabolism which leads to good health.

Clinical trials are research studies that test how well new medical approaches work in people. Each study answers scientific questions and tries to find better ways to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat a disease. Clinical trials may also compare a new treatment to a treatment that is already available. Every clinical trial has a protocol, or action plan, for conducting the trial. The plan describes what will be done in the study, how it will be conducted, and why each part of the study is necessary. Each study has its own rules about who can take part. Some studies need volunteers with a certain disease. Therefore Nutritional clinical trials will be dealing with the current researches & topics in the field of Nutrition & Healthcare.

Functional foods are foods that have a significant positive effect on health than basic nutritional meal plan. It is believed that functional foods promote optimal health and help to reduce the risk of many diseases. A common example of a functional food is oatmeal since it contains soluble fibre which can help lower cholesterol levels. Some foods are modified to have health benefits. An example is orange juice that's been fortified with calcium for bone health. Functional foods have been shown to be a tremendously effective for weight reduction and in almost all cases more effective than traditional methods of dietary restrictions to reduce body weight and improving nutritional intake. Most significantly, continuous use of meal replacements may be the most effective means of all treatments when it comes to maintaining body weight. Functional foods are generally used to replace one or two meals a day and allow the individual complete freedom for their remaining daily calories.

The report estimates the performance nutrition market in the UK to rise at a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 8.4% during 2015-2019. Wellbeing and Wellness advertise cosmic system is possessed normally by excellence and hostile to maturing item deals at $679 billion, followed by brain, wellness and body work out ($390 billion) and wellbeing eating, nourishment and weight reduction deals ($277 billion).